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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
古法榨糖涅槃重生 “甜蜜”产业助乡村振兴******
(新春走基层)古法榨糖涅槃重生 “甜蜜”产业助乡村振兴
中新网宁德1月26日电 (余汕康 陈容)新春佳节期间，福建省宁德市蕉城区赤溪镇黄田村里，合作社糖蔗种植基地和古法榨糖体验中心随处可见工人收割糖蔗、加工红糖的忙碌身影，空气中糖香四溢。
在黄田村古法榨糖体验中心内，一架木制水车在水流带动下高速运转，并带动上下两个石碾转动碾压一根根新鲜甘蔗。随之，鲜甜蔗汁顺流而出，青绿色的蔗汁沉淀后，便被搬运到灶台进行煮糖。
村民采收甘蔗。 余汕康 摄煮糖灶，是一个巨大的土台子，上面排列着五口铁锅，前一后四。“根据糖水的饱和程度不同及灶腔内前后火力不同，依次调整不同铁锅中的糖汁。”煮糖师傅称，蔗水越煮越稠，水分蒸发殆尽，等到锅内糖浆含水量在十分之一以下时，便可起锅。
起锅火候的掌握，最见功夫。只见煮糖师傅先将手浸于凉水中，赤手快速伸入锅中挖出一小团沸腾的糖浆，再迅速放入凉水中，在水中用手不断揉搓。片刻，一粒略带温热、糯润香甜的“糖蛋”便跃然手掌间。起锅后，师傅将红糖分装，再撒上花生和芝麻，一块块成品红糖便制作完成。
打包红糖。 余汕康 摄“平常春节买糖都认准来自黄田村的红糖，香味醇厚，甜而不腻，没想到榨糖工艺这么精细且复杂。”宁德市民吴女士春节期间带着孩子来到黄田村体验古法榨糖工艺后啧啧称奇，“与孩子一同榨糖不仅增进亲子感情，还能了解榨糖的传统工艺及历史，我觉得很有意义。”
种蔗历史悠久的黄田村，所产手工古法红糖久负盛名。然而，在现代机械化制糖工艺的冲击下，工艺繁杂的黄田村古法榨糖产业也曾一度沉寂。
古法红糖成品。 余汕康 摄为振兴古法榨糖产业，黄田村建成集古法榨糖生产加工、手工体验、文化展示、旅游观光等功能于一体的古法榨糖体验中心，流转土地150余亩作为配套种植糖蔗区，实现了古法榨糖产业涅槃重生。
“黄田村大力发展甘蔗、红糖等特色产业，每年12月至次年新春时节，糖蔗成熟，糖厂就开始热闹起来，我们边制作边销售。”黄田村党支部书记、村主任黄郑为说，目前主要生产方块糖、姜糖、粉糖等多种手工红糖。
除了线下批发零售外，黄田村还尝试线上直播销售，2022年共销售手工红糖逾12吨，总产值24万元，红糖全产业链产值预计为30万到40万元。
黄田村村貌。 余汕康 摄依托赤溪千亩高优农业示范园区，黄田村由党支部牵头与企业开展“村企共建”，通过村集体投资入股、打造“订单农业”等多种新营销模式，推动“企业发展、村财增收、村民致富”三方共赢。
同时，黄田村党支部领班合作社提供蔗苗给村民种植，再向村民回收成熟作物，村民不再需要担心销路问题，充分调动了村民积极性，推动甘蔗、红糖特色产业发展。
“相比以前的单一产业结构，村子收入翻了几番。”黄郑为说，村子总收入从原来的一年十余万元，增长到如今的七十余万元，村民人均年收入达到两万多元。
散装古法红糖。 余汕康 摄乡村特色产业不仅让村民的钱袋子鼓了起来，村容村貌也日新月异。黄田村聚焦基础设施建设，实施河道清淤整治、旧街立面改造、房前屋后美化等一系列乡村治理措施，不断提升乡村“颜值”。
“我们积极推动基础设施建设，探索农文旅融合发展新模式、新业态，激发乡村振兴内生动力。”黄郑为说，如今的黄田村基础设施全面提升、村容村貌焕然一新、村民收入不断增长，实现了一个默默无闻的山区小村庄到省级乡村振兴试点村的华丽转变。(完)
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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