近年来,互联网、云计算、大数据、人工智能、区块链等新一代信息技术成果快速涌现,陆续进入到大规模快速实现商业转化的阶段。与此同时,在催生大批数字化企业、数字化业态、数字化应用场景的过程中,全球互联网协议流量以及全球数据量都呈现指数级增长势头。伴随着跨境数据在支持国际贸易活动、促进跨国技术合作、推动数据资源共享方面的作用愈发凸显,数据作为要素具有巨大价值已经成为国际共识,促进数据跨境流通及数字贸易,正成为推动新型全球化的新动力。
2022年12月19日,国务院关于构建数据基础制度更好发挥数据要素作用的意见也指出,“深化开放合作,实现互利共赢。积极参与数据跨境流动国际规则制定,探索加入区域性国际数据跨境流动制度安排。推动数据跨境流动双边多边协商,推进建立互利互惠的规则等制度安排。鼓励探索数据跨境流动与合作的新途径新模式”,加强数据跨境流动的探索,成为我国在全球数字经济发展格局中的建立优势的关键。
探索合法、合规、可落地的跨境数据流通技术解决方案
开放群岛开源社区跨境数据流通小组以助力企业合法、合规实现数据流通业务出海为目标,围绕着国内数据的出境、国外数据的入境以及第三国数据过境等领域,联合生态伙伴结合业务模式与技术能力推进合法合规可落地的技术解决方案。
本份白皮书集领域内行业专家、法律专家、技术专家智慧,以跨境数据流通线下合规与线上技术解决方案相结合为特色,在研究数据出境接收国及地区的法律环境分析的基础之上,探索技术手段实现跨境数据的高效流转,是跨境数据技术解决方案的首次集中展现。白皮书系统剖析了我国在数据跨境流通领域的发展现状、难点和障碍;同时,全面梳理了美国、欧盟、日本、新加坡、中国香港、中国澳门等国家和地区在数据安全保护和数据跨境流通等方面的法律法规要求,为国内从事合规的从业人员提供相关素材的参考;还重点围绕金融、医疗、汽车、物流和跨境电商等行业,探索如何利用区块链、数据网关、隐私计算等最新技术,提出推进数据高效、合规跨境流动的技术解决方案。
以粤港澳数据跨境为起点,参与全球数字经济浪潮
近年来,粤港澳大湾区在经济贸易、投资融资、科技交流合作、人员往来等多个方面都开展广泛深入的合作且成效显著。面临新时代的新情况和新任务,如何以数据跨界流动来赋能粤港澳三地间人流、物流、资金流更加精准、便利、高效、安全地流通,提升大湾区整体的经贸合作和人文交流的效率和安全性,是三地政府管理部门、企业和市场服务机构的重大任务。
尝试以粤港澳为样本,探索实践数据跨境流动的大湾区方案有利于我国在参与世界数据经济合作中积累经验并发挥重要作用,大湾区具有一国两制三地的中国特色,在数据跨境流通、基础制度体系建设、管理体制机制完善、标准规范和通用协议制定、数据安全流通技术应用等重大问题上先行先试,及时总结有效做法。不仅仅是大湾区三地的事情,对于中国积极主动参与国际数字贸易、世界数字经济技术合作和网络空间治理以及维护速度主权都具有十分重要的现实意义。(柯岩)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)